Objectives: Over the past few years we have seen 3 patients with primary HIV infection and rhabdomyolysis in our institution. Methods: We report our 3 cases in addition to the review of the English-language literature for all reported cases of rhabdomyolysis and primary HIV infection. Results: In addition to our 3 cases we found 11 cases of primary HIV infection presenting with rhabdomyolysis. Conclusion: In patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis and no obvious precipitating factor, primary HIV infection should be included on the differential count.