Presently, there are 329 fungal families with at least one representative genome sequenced, but there are still a large number of fungal families without a single sequenced genome. In addition, additional sequencing projects helped to understand the genetic diversity within some fungal species. Genomics includes the scientific study of complex diseases such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer because these diseases are typically caused more by a combination of genetic and environmental factors than by individual genes. In fungi, the diversity of genomes varies from 8.97 Mb to 177.57 Mb. The average genome sizes of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota fungi are 36.91 and 46.48 Mb respectively. But higher genome size is observed in Oomycota (74.85 Mb) species, a lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganisms. Genomics aims to understand the structure of the genome, including the mapping genes and sequencing the DNA. Genomics examines the molecular mechanisms and the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in disease.

A fungal gene is a functional hereditary unit of fungi, a DNA sequence corresponding to protein-coding sequence or functional RNA. The genome also includes the mitochondrial DNA, a comparatively small circular molecule present in multiple copies in each the mitochondrion. Genomics, in contrast, is the study of the entirety of an organism's genes – called the genome. Using high-performance computing and math techniques known as bioinformatics, genomics researchers analyze enormous amounts of DNA-sequence data to find variations that affect health, disease or drug response. Currently, DNA sequencing costs are plummeting, gene therapy is making a comeback, ethical boundaries are being pushed to the limit by gene editing and new technologies like single cell and transcriptomics are creating a new wave of genomic breakthroughs. Fungi are eukaryotes, and as such, have a complex cellular organization. As eukaryotes, fungal cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. The DNA in the nucleus is wrapped around histone proteins, as is observed in other eukaryotic cells. The average and median bacterial genome sizes are ∼3.87 Mb and ∼3.65 Mb, respectively (Fig. 2A), illustrating that the chromosome accounts for nearly all of the genetic material of most prokaryotic organisms. The genetic material of bacteria and plasmids is DNA. Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or phages) have DNA or RNA as genetic material. These latter characteristics are often selected as the inherited traits to be analyzed in studies of bacterial genetics.

Simply put, the objective of genomic medicine is to determine the genetic bases of those differences in response to environmental agents, including medications, and differences that may predispose to the development of common and potentially personally devastating and societally expensive disorders. Genomic Features refer to defined segments of a genome, which often code for proteins and RNAs. Common feature types include: Gene, CDS. Genomic analysis is the identification, measurement or comparison of genomic features such as DNA sequence, structural variation, gene expression, or regulatory and functional element annotation at a genomic scale. Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of their clinical care (e.g. for diagnostic or therapeutic decision-making) and the health outcomes and policy implications of that clinical use.